Getting high blood pressure from just looking at your CPF investment schemes? Perhaps it's time to look at something more mundane but stable.
Perhaps you own a bond fund through your CPF, or you keep a stack of old bond certificates your grandmother once gave you at the back of a closet. But how much have you ever really thought about bonds?
In truth, bonds are an indispensable part of your long-term path to wealth and security. And in scary times, such as the present, bonds usually don't lose nearly as much as stocks. Sometimes, their prices even rise.
Unlike stocks, which represent a slice of ownership in a company, bonds are IOUs. Their issuers promise to repay investors in full by a certain date and pay a fixed amount of interest along the way.
Although bonds are usually issued in some nice round amount--$1,000 is common-they often trade at a discount or premium to that amount between the time of issuance and the maturity date.
Bonds have a reputation for being a little nerdy and, dare I say it, boring. But these days, most of us have had our fill of thrills in the stock market and would settle for something less volatile or flashy. That's why now may be a good time to give bonds a second look. Here's some questions on the basic of bonds.
1. Why should investors own more bonds as they near retirement?
Once you are ten years or fewer away from retirement, or another goal for your money, it's important to steadily increase your allocation to bonds. For all those reasons, by the time you retire you should probably invest at least 50% of your money in bonds, depending on your risk tolerance.
2. What happens to bond prices when interest rates rise?
Bond prices generally move inversely to interest rates. Why? If you own a bond that pays interest of 3% per year, but similar bonds hitting the market today are paying 5% per year, then the market will value your bond at a discount to reflect its lower interest rate. This means a rising interest rate environment is usually considered bad for the bond market.
3. When a bond is rated BBB or higher, what does that mean?
Bonds rated BBB, A, AA or AAA (the best) are investment-grade bonds. This alphabet soup is a credit rating that describes the financial health of the issuer, or the likelihood that it will be able to meet its obligations. Bonds rated BB or below are riskier, although bondholders are compensated for this extra risk with a higher yield.
4. What is a bond's yield to maturity?
A bond's yield to maturity is the total return, expressed as an annual percentage, that investors would earn on that bond if they bought it at its current market price and held it until maturity. The figure takes into account the bond's price, its original principal amount and the annual interest it pays on that principal.
5. What are the risks that could affect the value of a bondholder's investment?
A. Interest rates will rise, causing bond prices to fall.
B. Inflation will lessen the value of interest payments.
C. The issuer will default on payment.
To be sure, bonds come with plenty of pitfalls. But building wealth over the long haul is a delicate balancing act. By owning bonds, you'll diversify the types of risks you take in your portfolio and stack the odds in your favor.